Using FOP With Java - Part 3
Graphics with FOP
Introduction
Last month, we saw how to implement a Print solution to print
the FOP generated documents. We have also seen how a windows
default printer can be used and how the output can directly
be piped into a UNIX print queue. So far, we have discussed how
to produce text based documents. However, in real life documents
often need to embed images and graphics. In this article, we
will examine the graphics capability of the FOP solution.
FOP has a wide range of graphics support. In short, it supports the following
image formats:
- BMP (Windows Bitmap).
- EPS (Encapsulated Postscript).
- GIF (Graphics Interchange Format).
- JPEG (Joint Photographic Expert Group).
- PNG (Portable Network Graphics).
- SVG (Scalar Vector Graphics).
- TIFF (Tag Image File Format).
All the above mentioned image formats are reasonably well-
supported within FOP. However, different image formats suffer
from limitations depending upon the generated output document
formats. These limitations are in the areas of resolution of
images, the scaling of images, color space and color profiles.
These limitations are the only demerit, if you're really dealing
with advanced graphics. For day to day use, the most commonly
used formats are color spaces and color profiles. These are very
well supported by FOP. In this article, I will not try to focus
on the limitations but focus on how we can use the most commonly
used formats of graphics with FOP Generated documents.
Using Graphics from External Resource
XSL-FO provides a mechanism to load graphics from external resources. These
external resources are typically an image file residing in the local or remote
address. The source image is specified by the src attribute whose value is a
URI. It handles HTTP, FYP data and file system resource locators in URI format.
An unqualified URI is treated as a path to a file in the local file system. If
the path is relative, it is calculated from the location of the source XSL-FO
document. For example, you can refer to an image resource by c:\images\test.gif
(absolute path) or you can access the same resource by specifying "test.gif" so
long as the \images directory is present in the source XSL-FO document path. You
can also access the same image over HTTP as http://server/images/test.gif .
The important thing is that the resource should be available at the time of FOP
transformation. This is crucial as after generating the document, you can decide
to delete or move the image resource.
In general, we will load an external graphics in XSL-FO by using the
<fo:external-graphic> element. The <fo:external-graphic> flow object is used for
a graphic where the graphics data resides outside the fo:element tree. This
element supports the following most commonly used properties:
- Height: the height of the displayed image.
- Width: the width of the displayed image.
- Src: the source (url) of the image.
- Alignment-baseline: the alignment of the image.
- Scaling: (Uniform) means the original height width ration ispresderved.
Here is an example of how to load an external graphic using XSL-FO:
<fo:block>
<fo:external-graphic src=”testImage.gif”/>
</fo:block>
This will load and display the testImage.gif in the defined block region
provided the image is available in the classpath for the FOP transformation.
Another way of embedding images with XSL-FO is to used
<fo:instream-foreign-object> element. The <fo:instream-foreign-object> element
is used for inline graphics or other “generic” object where the object data
resides as descendent of the <fo:instream-foreign-object>, typically as an XML
element sub tree in a non-XSL namespace. One popular use of
<fo:instream-foreign-object> is to embed Scalar Vector Graphics (SVG) files. The
SVG in lay man's terms is a XML representation of an image. The
<fo:instream-foreign-object> also supports all the common properties supported
by the <fo:external-graphic> element. For a detailed description of all the
attributes supported by these elements please refer to the W3C XSL-FO website.
Here is an example of loading a SVG file in XSL-FO:
<fo:instream-foreign-object>
<svg:svg xmlns:svg=http://www.w3.org/svg@ width=500px” height=”500px”>
<xvg:title> An example…</svg:title>
…………….
</svg:svg>
</fo:instream-foreign-object>
Thus, there are in total, two ways to display and load images
from external file using XSL-FO and FOP. One as an external
graphic resource and second as an instream foreign object for
images such as SVG. Both these approaches require that the image
resource is a file local or remote to the processor. This begs
the question, how to load images from a non-file resource. In
the next section we will examine how to load images from a non-
file resource using XSL-FO.
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